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Kesehatan

World AIDS Day

Kuningan Terkini - Setiap 1 Desember seluruh warga dunia memperingati Hari AIDS. Awal kemunculan penyakit ini pada tahun 1981 di kalangan homoseksual Amerika Serikat sempat memunculkan stigma bahwa penyakit ini hanya milik kaum homoseks. Kemudahan transportasi, industri darah dan penggunaan narkoba memberi andil besar sehingga AIDS kini menjadi pandemi di seluruh dunia. Bisa jadi bahkan kini tak ada satu kecamatan pun di Indonesia yang bebas ODHA.

Semakin jelas bahwa HIV-AIDS bukan hanya berisiko menular di kalangan tertentu saja, tapi kini HIV milik semua orang dalam arti semua orang apapun profesinya, status gendernya, darimanapun asalnya memiliki risiko tertular HIV.

Seperti kita telah ketahui bersama bahwa sampai saat ini media penularan HIV adalah cairan sperma, cairan vagina, darah dan Air Susu Ibu (ASI). Hanya ada 3 cara penularan HIV yaitu hubungan seksual yang tidak aman (unprotected sex), penggunaan jarum suntik bersama di kalangan pengguna narkotika suntik (sharing needles) dan dari ibu kepada bayinya (saat kehamilan, saat persalinan dan saat menyusui).

Karena itu, 85% ODHA yang rutin mengonsumsi obat ARV (bukan obat penyembuh, namun obat ini mampu menekan laju pertambahan virus di dalam darah) bisa hidup normal. Ingat bahaya HIV bukan karena belum ada obat dan vaksin pencegahnya, bukan pula karena kematian yang diakibatkannya karena penyakit apapun ujung-ujungnya kematian juga.

Namun bahaya HIV karena penularannya sangat cepat dan orang dengan HIV di dalam darahnya tak menunjukkan gejala klinis khas apapun sehingga ia tampak normal. Padahal ia sangat infeksius sehingga sangat rentan menularkan kepada orang lain.

Karena itu, langkah awal yang baik adalah ayo periksakan darah kita untuk memastikan kita bebas HIV, minimal melakukan pemeriksaan screening untuk mengecek kadar CD4 (sel darah putih) kita pada tahap awal.

Kasus heboh di Pamekasan Madura harus kita jadikan sebagai pelajaran bahwa mencukur rambut dengan menggunakan pisau cukur yang tidak steril adalah salah satu risiko penularan HIV yang perlu diwaspadai. Pastikan setiap laki-laki punya pisau cukur kumis atau jenggot masing-masing dan jangan pernah gunakan bersamaan karena kita tak tahu teman kita bebas HIV atau tidak.

 

Penulis : Asep Sufyan Ramadhy SKed (Ketua Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Kuningan (STIKKU)

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